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Hemorrhoidectomy is a medical operation to reduce internal hemorrhoids of third degree and fourth degree, when other procedures fail to treat them, in other words, the pain, itchiness, swelling and bleeding continues. In some cases hemorrhoidectomy is also advised for external hemorrhoids, which have been failed to be treated with the correct method.
Hemorrhoidectomy is a quite simple operation and can be performed under local, spinal or general anesthesia. According to the patients' condition, the extent of the surgery and the patients' preference, the surgeons will choose the correct type of anesthesia for the surgery. Local anesthesia is a numbing agent which is injected directly into the immediate area; spinal anesthesia will numb the patient from the pelvis down and general anesthesia will make the patient into unconsciousness.
Usually tests are taken before the surgery is carried out, depending on the patients health these test can include an x-ray of the chest, urine and blood samples and even aspirin to thin the blood. Often the doctor will suggest that the patient refrains from eating or drinking from the night before the operation to prevent the risk of vomiting during or after the surgery is carried out.
The process for this surgery is a very simple one and once all the necessary preparations have been made the operation will go on from one hour to one hour and a half. The individual is placed face down on the operating table with the buttocks slightly raised and the legs placed in stirrups, thus the anus and rectum are visible. Once the anesthesia has become effective the hemorrhoid will be clamped and tied to prevent it from bleeding and finally removed.
Once the surgery is performed the patient will be placed in recovery until the anesthesia subsides and the patient can urinate, this is to make sure that swelling in the tissues does not appear and cause the inability to urinate. If the patient has recouped, he or she can return home the same day, in other words, as an outpatient. On rare occasions, if there are any issues with the surgery, the patient will have to remain under observation.
Pain and bleeding after the surgical treatment is to be expected and because of this the doctor is likely to suggest the patient with some medicine. It is also usual to bleed when moving bowels, particularly directly after the surgery and it is usually recommended to take some numbing medication before trying to move bowels. Taking antibiotics after the operation will refrain any infections that might occur.
It is strongly suggested by doctors to take special care post surgery to prevent any unnecessary pain and discomfort. Trying to soften stools by consuming a high fiber diet will relieve strain when moving stools, taking stool softeners is also highly recommended. Taking baths in warm water will help loosen up muscles and ease pain as well.
As with any type of surgery there can be risks and problems in both early and late stages. In early stages after the operation the problems can be constipation, hematoma (accumulation of blood in the surgical area) incontinence, infection and bleeding. In later stages after surgery problems can include rectal prolapse, a narrowing of the anal canal and also the reappearance of hemorrhoids. If these symptoms appear, it is best to seek medical advice immediately.
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